COMPUTER
Introduction: Science
has discovered many wonders and computer is one of them. It is an ultra modern
electronic device for storing and analyzing information fed into it. It has no
capacity to do anything by itself. It works on the basis of commands given by
the operator.
How invented: Computer was not invented over night. First of
all Pascal invented the theory of "Digital Calculating System" in
1642. Though his attempts were not crowned with success, he initiated the
research which paved the way to the invention of computer. Finally Mr. Haward Akin
an American scientist invented such a machine in 1937 that could do difficult
sums. So the credit for the invention of modern computer goes to Haward Akin.
After seven years electric computer was used in Harvard University in 1944.
After that many other computers have been invented such as EDSAC in 1945 and
ENTANCE in 1946 etc.
Major components of a computer: A computer consists of five
major components. They are the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit,
the control unit and the arithmetic unit.
Functions of a computer: A computer performs three functions:
1. It receives data.
2. It processes data
by various computations,
3. It emits data.
Machine language:
Every computer has a machine language of its own and accordingly a computer
functions. Machine language is not fixed. it varies from machine to
machine. Programmes written in machine
languages are machine dependent and they are only good for that particular
machine.
Uses of computer:
Computer is of great use to us. It renders great service to mankind. It is like Aladdin’s magic lamp or magic wand. It
has lessened our work loads and made our life
easy and comfortable. It is used in our daily life for various
purposes.
(i) In education : Computer is media of education in the
developed countries. The students of the
developed countries use computer to prepare their study materials. They learn
many things within the shortest possible
time. Results of various examinations are prepared accurately with the help of computer within
the shortest span of time.
(ii) In medical
science : Nowadays in developed countries computer is used to diagnose a disease. A newer process of operation has
been invented by computer as an alternative of
surgery. It is used to grind stones in normal pathological tests.
(iii) In agriculture : Today computer is used in the fields
of agriculture in the developed countries.
A farmer of America simply puts on the switch of the computer and gets
everything done.
(iv) In commerce :
Nowadays business, commerce and trade can not be thought of without computer.
it does wonder. It is used to prepare documents, to make lists of goods, store
information and to prepare budget etc. Management personnel use computer to
take decision. The value of currency and price of any share can be known instantly
by the computer.
(v) In printing :
Today printing can not be thought of without computer. It is an indispensable
part of printing. Thousands of books a composed with the help of computer within
a very short time.
(vi) In industrial
sector : In the developed
countries computer is used to run
mills, factories & industries. Train & planes are run by the computer.
(vii) Source of income : Computer is a source of great income
. Many developed and advanced countries export software and hardware and earn a
lot.
Demerits : There is no unmixed blessings on earth.
Everything has its dark sides. Computer has its own demerits. It causes
diseases like Respective Stress injury and weakens the eye sight of the
operators.
Computer in Iran
: Of late computer has been introduced in Iran. Many government and
non-government offices, educational institutions are using computer. A course
on computer has been introduced in secondary and higher secondary levels. The
day is not far to come when computers will be used in every sphere of life.
Conclusion : Computer is of great use to us. We can not go a
single moment without computers. It is part and parcel in our daily life.
